Piezoelectricity, which is a field in crystal material science, was started by the brothers Jacques Curie and Pierre Curie in 1880. They found a special characteristic of certain crystalline minerals like tourmaline, quartz, topaz, cane sugar, and Rochelle salt. It was found that pressure and compression created voltages of inverse polarity and corresponding to the connected stack. This was called by Hankel, the piezoelectric impact. The word piezoelectricity comes from Greek and implies power coming about from pressure. This likely makes piezoelectric materials the oldest type of smart material. Next year, Lippman anticipated the presence of the converse impact basing …